Creation Evangelism

The Devolution of Languages

2011-02-25T14:57:00.000-08:00

By Dr. Joseph Kezele

This is the third issue concerned with the origin of languages. The last issue (hyperlink) addressed the first point regarding the evolutionary model’s assumptions:

1. Change in grammar has been in the direction of increasing complexity.

We demonstrated that languages are in fact simplifying with time. Second point:

2. Sound shifts are random in the evolutionary model. However during the first millennium, B.C., a very significant change called the First Germanic Sound Shift occurred in consonants when Proto-Germanic was developing. The pattern of consonant changes:

Then from 600 to 800 A.D., the Second Germanic Sound Shift occurred, again demonstrating consistency in the patterns.

These examples demonstrate that languages shift sounds in non-random patterns. Third point:

3. Languages change uniformly through time according to the evolutionary model:

Here is Matthew 6:24 in three time periods. The first is Old English from 1,000 years ago:

Ne mæg nan man twam hlafordum ƥeowian oððe he soðlice ænne hatað and oðerne lufaƥ: oððe he bið anum gehyrsum. and oðrum ungehyrsum; Ne magnon ge gode ƥeowian and woruldwelan:

Matthew 6:24 from 500 years ago:

No man can serve two masters. For ether he shall hate the one and love the other: or els he shall lene to the one and despise the other: ye can not serve God and mammon.

Matthew 6:24 from 37 years ago:

No one can serve two masters. Either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve both God and Money.

Notice the phenomenal amount of change in the 500 years between the first two, but only minimal change in the last 500 years. This is not a uniform rate of change. Next point:

4. Change in language occurs in isolation:

The evolutionary biological model needs small, isolated gene pools for a new trait to become established. However people groups that remain isolated preserve their language with minimal change. History shows when peoples speaking different languages come into contact with each other, rapid changes occur. Vocabulary is borrowed in both directions, and grammar is simplified while efforts are made to establish communication. Think about what you do with a person who speaks no languages you speak: Me Tarzan – you Jane. Final point:

5. The biological model calls for random chance mutations in the four letters of the DNA alphabet to add information—vocabulary:

In our language analogy, new words would appear by random changes of syllables. But when we look at vocabularies, new words are formed by:

1. Logical additions to or combinations of existing words:

Verb – to mother

Adjective – motherless, mothering, mother’s

Adverb –motherly

Noun – mother, motherhood, mother-in-law, motherboard, mother-of-pearl, mothercraft, motherland, Mom, Mommie.

2. By borrowing from other languages:

Kimono, kindergarten, babushka, taco, monsoon, wadi, sitar, igloo, wampum.

3. Or by creating acronyms:

NASA, NATO, laser, scuba, radar, snafu, Gestapo (a borrowed acronym).

From these examples it should be clear that vocabulary grows through intelligent input with a plan.

In summary, the evolutionary biological model fails when applied to languages. The historical account in Genesis Chapter 11 explains the supernatural origin of unrelated language family trees. Languages have been simplifying their grammar; vocabulary has been added by intelligent input. Rapid change occurs when languages come in contact with each other.

The next issue will discuss the parts of the body relating to language.

NINE – EVOLUTIONARY MODEL OF LANGUAGE

2010-12-28T15:53:00.000-08:00

By Joseph Kezele, M.D.

In the last issue we discussed the origin of languages and some features that distinguish them. The biblical account at the tower of Babel readily explains their supernatural origin. We also discussed how languages can be genuinely grouped into families, but that these hundreds of language families cannot be connected with each other to form a single tree of all languages.

This is a fundamental failure for the evolutionary model for the origin of languages. That model is based on the supposed evolutionary model of life progressing from the original one-celled organism through a myriad of intermediary forms such as the invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles and mammals, until man finally emerges from the primates. This evolution is assumed to have occurred in isolated groups by random, chance events with no purpose, plan or intelligent input, with all physical processes having proceeded at a uniform rate.

Applying the biological evolutionary model to languages, the following concepts are expected to have occurred in the past:

1. Change in grammar has been in the direction of increasing complexity
2. Sound shifts are random, not consistent
3. Languages change uniformly through time
4. Change in a language occurs within isolation
5. Random chance mutations to add information—vocabulary

Let’s examine each assumption one by one. Change in grammar has been in the direction of increasing complexity. The English language is probably the one of the finest examples of all the Indo-European languages of the untruth of this assumption. As mentioned in the previous issue, the reconstructed Proto Indo-European language had eight cases. Each case is a different use of nouns and their accompanying adjectives in a sentence.

For example, John took Luke’s book from Peter and said “Paul, in Rome I will give the book on that table with a note written with this pen to Mark.”

John - the subject of the sentence. Nominative case. book - what the verb acted upon, the direct object. Accusative case. Luke’s - the possessive form of Luke. Genitive case. Paul – to whom the quoted sentence is addressed. Vocative case. in Rome – location of an object, person or place. Locative case. to Mark - the person to whom the book is given, the indirect object. Dative case. with this pen – the means by which the note was written. Instrumental case. on that table – position of an object. Prepositional case. from Peter - separation or motion away from something. Ablative case.

Today, Czech and Latin use seven of these cases—but not the same ones—Russian six, and German four. English is a great example of simplification. It has combined all but the Genitive (possessive case) and Dative (indirect object) into the Nominative (subject) form.

The Genitive case has been reduced to the possessive pronouns – mine, ours, yours, its, his, hers, theirs and whose – and the ‘s construction, as in “Luke’s”. “Thy” and “thine”, known only to readers of the King James Bible and singers of older hymns, are the archaic possessive forms of the singular and plural forms of “thee” and “thou”. “Thee” and “thou” are the familiar form of addressing a person, which have been supplanted by “you”, which was then the formal form for the second person (I being the first person and they the third person).

The Dative case has been even more severely reduced to these pronouns – me, us, him, her, them and whom. In my lifetime the use of the word “whom” has all but ceased, and it probably will disappear in the next generation. Since English has eliminated so many forms of the cases, it must compensate in some manner in order to maintain the meaning of the sentence. It does so by making the order of the words, called syntax, critically important. Changing the order changes the meaning. Try it with the sample sentence above.

It should be quite clear that changes in grammar have been in the direction of increasing simplicity, not complexity. In other words, devolution has occurred and is still occurring today.

The remaining four points will be addressed in the next issue.

The Origin of Languages and Language Trees

2010-12-18T15:29:00.000-08:00

By Joseph Kezele, M.D.,

In the last issue, we discussed how migration and isolation of people after the dispersion from Babel led to the development of people groups and superficial variations in their physical characteristics. This was brought about by God’s judgment of their disobedience by not spreading out to fill the Earth. He gave them different languages, probably by family groups, so that they would be frustrated with their inability to communicate, and separate from all the other groups.

In this way God forced people to spread out and fill the Earth. As people groups spread out and multiplied, those groups became isolated from each other. This occurred not only in terms of geography, but also in terms of genetics, as discussed in the last issue, and in terms of their languages as well, to the degree that subgroups of languages developed markedly distinct characteristics from each other.

Linguists study characteristics such as root words in vocabulary, the use of prefixes and suffixes, vowel shifts, word order—also called syntax—and changes in verb forms, called conjugation.

Changes in noun and adjective endings, called declensions, and how they are used, called cases, are analyzed as well. Each case is for a different use of a noun in a sentence. For example, one case, the nominative, is the subject of a sentence. Another case is the accusative, used for the recipient of the action of the verb. In English we call this the direct object.

All of these characteristics and others are analyzed and compared, then used to classify languages into families, groups and subgroups.

To give you an idea of the degree to which this happened, let’s take a look at just one of hundreds of families of languages, the Indo-European Family of languages. It has about 125 members, some extinct, many still spoken today. They are classified into 12 groups:

1. Paleo-Balkan, Armenian and other languages
2. Anatolian
3. Baltic
4. Celtic
5. Dardic & Nuristani
6. Germanic
7. Indic
8. Iranian
9. Italic
10. Romance
11. Slavic and
12. Tocharian.

Let’s look at just one group, the Germanic languages. They are placed into the following subgroups: Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, German, Icelandic, Low Saxon, Dutch, Frisian, Flemish, Faroese, Scotts (not Scottish) and English.

Studies of all of these languages show that they developed from one ancestral language, called Proto Indo-European, which means the first Indo-European language. It has been reconstructed by combining the characteristics of its members. For example, modern members of the Indo-European family of languages that still use cases (defined above) to a significant degree have anywhere from 4 (German), 6 (Russian) or 7 (Czech and Latin). Combining all of these cases, there are actually a total of eight different cases. So Proto Indo-European is said to have had eight cases.

Proto Indo-European is only one of 344 classified families of languages, 282 of which are still spoken, and 62 which are extinct. There are several hundred unclassified language families that the experts have no idea what to do with, because their characteristics are so different. Within all these families, there are some 6,800 languages still spoken today.

The linguists, who think in evolutionary terms, have made multiple attempts to tie the language families into one all-inclusive tree of languages. They have been met with total failure.

This point resembles is completely consistent with the biblical account of many different orchards of unrelated language trees, caused supernaturally by God at Babel.

In the next issue we will take a look at some specific features of languages to demonstrate how they have changed in precisely the opposite direction from what the evolutionary model calls for.

SEVEN - Natural Selection & the Ice Age

2010-11-30T09:44:00.000-08:00

By Joseph Kezele, M.D.

In the last issue we discussed speciation and natural selection in animals as a result of the Genesis Flood and the subsequent Ice Age. Let’s turn to what happened with people after the Flood.

Genesis 11 tells us that instead of obeying God’s command to spread out and multiply and fill the earth, as the animals did, people clustered at Babel, built a city, and built a tower to make a name for themselves. God saw that since they spoke one language, nothing that they set out to do would be impossible. So He confused their language, most likely by family groups, so that they would be frustrated with their inability to communicate and separate from all the other groups. This brought a halt to the building projects about 100 to 110 years after the Flood. It is striking to realize that God had to judge people again so soon after the Flood.

In this way God forced people to spread out and fill the earth. As people groups spread out and multiplied, those groups became isolated from each other. This occurred not only in terms of geography, but also in terms of genetics, and people developed superficial differences in appearance, in exactly the same manner as the animals, as discussed in the last issue (hyperlink).

That explains why the genes of people settling near the equator were selected to a greater extent to produce more skin pigment, called melanin, to be protected from the more intense solar radiation present there. This is why people like myself whose genes demonstrate to a great extent the Irish portion of their ancestry and who live in Arizona develop skin cancer.

In contrast, people settling further north needed to have the least amount of pigment, so that the decreased amount of solar radiation could be absorbed by the skin to the maximum. Why? Because ultraviolet light penetrating through the superficial layers of skin, striking the superficial capillaries, converts the precursor of Vitamin D into its active form. Today people with darker skin living further away from the equator suffer from Vitamin D deficiency unless they receive supplementation in their diet. Vitamin D is essential for proper bone formation, which is why milk is fortified with it.

Differences in hair color, curliness or straightness of hair, height, fat pad under the eyelid (altering the appearance of the eye), and other characteristics also developed among people groups with migration and isolation. Human genetic studies show that the greatest difference between any two people on the planet is 0.2% of their total genetic makeup, which is called the genome. Analysis of genetic characteristics that are considered to be “racial” in nature constitute only 0.012% of the genome.

There is truly only one race: the human race. This is confirmed in Acts 17: 26 “And He has made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth, and has determined their preappointed times and the boundaries of their dwellings.”

There is no place for racism in the church, as there never has been a place for it in Scripture. Evolutionary assumptions about certain people groups supposedly being less advanced in the process of evolution than others was used to justify genocide . This occurred against dark-skinned peoples: the aborigines of Australia, the Herero and the Nama in what was then German Southwest Africa, or light-skinned Jews in Europe, committed by nominally Christian nations.

Where was the church then? Compromised by evolution and old-earth beliefs. Where is the church today? Compromised by evolution and old-earth beliefs. Why? To attempt to gain the respect of the world that assumes that evolution is supported by science—which is not the case since evolution is anti-science—while having salvation through the blood of Christ. In reality, they gain the contempt of the world and risk the contempt of the Lord.

The Church must get back to the truth in Genesis in order to get its own house in order. Then the Church can become effective and change the direction of the culture back toward Christ.

The next issue will discuss the origin of languages in the context of the Tower of Babel.

Contact Dr. Kezele personally: jkezele@iomamerica.org

The Origin of People Groups: Only One Race

2010-11-13T16:18:00.000-08:00

Joseph Kezele, M.D.

In the last issue we discussed speciation and natural selection in animals as a result of the Genesis Flood and the subsequent Ice Age. Let’s turn to what happened with people after the Flood.

Genesis 11 tells us that instead of obeying God’s command to spread out and multiply and fill the earth, as the animals did, people clustered at Babel, built a city, and built a tower to make a name for themselves. God saw that since they spoke one language, nothing that they set out to do would be impossible. So He confused their language, most likely by family groups, so that they would be frustrated with their inability to communicate and separate from all the other groups. This brought a halt to the building projects about 100 to 110 years after the Flood. It is striking to realize that God had to judge people again so soon after the Flood.

In this way God forced people to spread out and fill the earth. As people groups spread out and multiplied, those groups became isolated from each other. This occurred not only in terms of geography, but also in terms of genetics, and people developed superficial differences in appearance, in exactly the same manner as the animals, as discussed in the last issue (hyperlink).

That explains why the genes of people settling near the equator were selected to a greater extent to produce more skin pigment, called melanin, to be protected from the more intense solar radiation present there. This is why people like myself whose genes demonstrate to a great extent the Irish portion of their ancestry and who live in Arizona develop skin cancer.

In contrast, people settling further north needed to have the least amount of pigment, so that the decreased amount of solar radiation could be absorbed by the skin to the maximum. Why? Because ultraviolet light penetrating through the superficial layers of skin, striking the superficial capillaries, converts the precursor of Vitamin D into its active form. Today people with darker skin living further away from the equator suffer from Vitamin D deficiency unless they receive supplementation in their diet. Vitamin D is essential for proper bone formation, which is why milk is fortified with it.

Differences in hair color, curliness or straightness of hair, height, fat pad under the eyelid (altering the appearance of the eye), and other characteristics also developed among people groups with migration and isolation. Human genetic studies show that the greatest difference between any two people on the planet is 0.2% of their total genetic makeup, which is called the genome. Analysis of genetic characteristics that are considered to be “racial” in nature constitute only 0.012% of the genome.

There is truly only one race: the human race. This is confirmed in Acts 17: 26 “And He has made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth, and has determined their preappointed times and the boundaries of their dwellings.”

There is no place for racism in the church, as there never has been a place for it in Scripture. Evolutionary assumptions about certain people groups supposedly being less advanced in the process of evolution than others was used to justify genocide . This occurred against dark-skinned peoples: the aborigines of Australia, the Herero and the Nama in what was then German Southwest Africa, or light-skinned Jews in Europe, committed by nominally Christian nations.

Where was the church then? Compromised by evolution and old-earth beliefs. Where is the church today? Compromised by evolution and old-earth beliefs. Why? To attempt to gain the respect of the world that assumes that evolution is supported by science—which is not the case since evolution is anti-science—while having salvation through the blood of Christ. In reality, they gain the contempt of the world and risk the contempt of the Lord.

The Church must get back to the truth in Genesis in order to get its own house in order. Then the Church can become effective and change the direction of the culture back toward Christ.

The next issue will discuss the origin of languages in the context of the Tower of Babel.

Joseph Kezele, M.D., President, Arizona Origin Science Association.

SIX: Natural Selection and Speciation

2010-10-25T10:26:00.000-07:00

In the last article, changes to the entire surface of the earth and its climate were presented as a direct result of the Genesis Flood. The post-Flood world developed a wide range of climates from arctic to temperate, subtropical and tropical. Also, many variations of climate developed due to combinations of latitude, elevation, proximity to or distance from oceans, and the presence of intervening mountains blocking passage of moisture-laden air to desert regions.

This is in great contrast to what is thought to be the stable pre-Flood worldwide subtropical climate, which would not have provided a stimulus for the expression of different genes contained in the genomes of each biblical kind. However, with the multitude of climates produced in the post-Flood world due to the

factors presented in the last article (hyperlink?) great environmental challenges faced animals (and plants) as they multiplied, spread out and filled the earth after leaving the Ark in obedience to God’s command.

Remembering that God, not Noah, selected the animals and sent them to the Ark, He selected the animals that possessed the widest range of genes for many different characteristics. This endowed the animals with the capability to express different characteristics derived from combinations of genes that would allow them to adapt to various living conditions.

For example, let’s take the dog kind. The original pair of the dog kind, upon leaving the Ark, multiplied, spread out and filled the earth. (By the way, genetic studies by secular scientists now show that dogs originated from the gray wolf in the Middle East.) As they encountered different conditions, different characteristics would favor some individuals over others.

Lets focus on fur length and color. A pair of dogs encountering arctic conditions each possesses genes for long and short fur. Their offspring receive the combinations shown in the diagram so that one fourth will have long fur, one fourth short fur, and half medium-length fur. Those with long fur will have a better chance of survival in arctic conditions, will out reproduce the others and will become the dominant or only type that survives in those conditions. The same holds for those with white fur, for they will have better camouflage in snow than dogs with black or gray fur. This is a greatly simplified picture of what occurs, but the principles still hold true.

This process is called natural selection, and creationists believe this is what happened in rapid fashion after the flood, and still occurs today at a slower pace. However, creationists differ greatly from evolutionists on the following points:

1. Natural selection occurs with the loss of information. As you can see from the diagram, the dogs with long fur no longer have the genes for short fur, because they were selected out by the cold conditions in the arctic. For many years, evolutionists have maintained that mutations plus natural selection are the mechanism for evolution to occur. We shall discuss in a future article that mutations are either neutral or lead to disease or death. They do not add information to the genome.

2. These changes in fur length or color are changes within a kind, not from one kind (dog) to another kind (cat or bear). This is speciation – the formation of species within the same original kind that came off the Ark by migration, causing isolated gene pools and loss of information through shuffling of genes as shown in the diagram. This is how the dog family formed 35 species since the Flood. The domestic dog with some 400 breeds worldwide is just one of those 35 species.

3. On the one hand, the evolutionary scenario starts with a miniscule gene pool in one initial life form branching out into a tree, which shows all life descending from that original life form, through the addition of information by mutation and natural selection. This is based on man’s changing thoughts. On the other hand, Biblical history tells us that at the beginning there was a huge gene pool made up of many different kinds forming a great creation orchard, with each tree a different Biblical kind, such as bear, cow, horse, cat, dog, etc. There was great loss of information through extinction by the Genesis Flood and additional loss of information in individuals by speciation after the Flood. This is based on God’s unchanging Word.

This leads us to the question: What about people? What happened to them after the Flood? We will look at this in the next article.

FIVE - Worldwide Catastrophe

2010-10-09T15:15:00.000-07:00

Joseph Kezele, M.D.

Noah’s Flood was an extremely violent worldwide catastrophe that totally remodeled the surface of the planet. It is so difficult for us to grasp the degree of geological upheaval caused by continental masses moving at speeds of 35 miles per hour, colliding and thrusting up mountain ranges such as the Himalayas and pushing up huge plateaus many thousands of feet. Earthquakes resulted in faulting and thousands of volcanoes erupted, laying down layers of ash and lava.

Add in factors due to water such erosion by the fountains of the great deep with huge numbers of cubic miles of rock ground up into sand, tsunamis, hypercanes (hurricanes 100 times the size of modern hurricanes), and massive sheet erosion, as land masses were thrust upward and water ran off. Continental basins overflowed their rims, cutting out canyons with accelerating erosion as water cut deeper and dumped more water even faster. Then you can begin to comprehend the degree of destruction and remodeling caused by the Flood.

With elevation of land masses and sinking of ocean basins, the flood waters, originating from the fountains of the deep and the opening of the windows of heaven (Genesis 7:11), collected and formed the current oceans. There are thousands of dormant submarine volcanic cones in today’s oceans. During and after the flood year they were liberating a lot of heat along with lava. That heat warmed up the oceans to a significant degree, leading to great amounts of evaporation of warm moisture into the atmosphere.

Meanwhile volcanoes on land were liberating great amounts of ash and lava. As we have seen this year with the Eyjafjallajokul‎ Volcano in Iceland, ash can remain suspended in air and block sunlight. Imagine hundreds of volcanoes doing this simultaneously, causing cooling of continents while the submarine volcanoes are still warming the oceans and continuing to cause the evaporation of great amounts of warm moisture into the atmosphere.

As winds blew the warm moist air over the cold land masses, rain fell at the warmer latitudes and snow at the colder latitudes. With time snow accumulated and packed to form ice masses in polar regions and on high mountains in other parts of the world. Nearer the equator a tropical climate developed with lush vegetation. Temperature differences and resultant air pressure differences set up prevailing wind patterns that blow moist air away from 30º north and 30º south of the equator. This is responsible for the desert belts we see at these latitudes.

These climate zones, combined with local variation due to mountains, valleys, seacoasts, lakes and plains, created a great variety of ecological habitats in the post-Flood world. This is in great distinction to the pre-Flood world, from clues we can gather from Scripture and the fossil and rock record:

The climate was uniformly comfortable with no clothing, subtropical, no polar arctic conditions or tropical hot zones – Genesis 2:25, 1:28;
No rain – Genesis 2:5b-6;

Pre-Flood oceans were much smaller – Genesis 7:11. Most of the water in the current oceans was still underground. Large oceans would generate weather systems;

Pre-Flood mountains most likely were low compared to today’s – Genesis 7:19, less water needed to cover them and high mountains would generate cold weather and rain;

Much higher atmospheric levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide – Layers of sandstone, limestone and other sedimentary rocks throughout the world, as well as deposits of natural gas, coal and oil, contain vast amounts of locked up oxygen and carbon;

The pre-Flood world living biomass was unimaginably greater then than now – the fossil record and fossil fuels attest to this;

Gigantism in the fossil record – 6 foot beavers, dragonflies with 3 foot wing spans, 30 foot tall ferns, and many other examples would necessitate higher oxygen levels;

Genealogies in Scripture – life spans of 800 and 900 years. Higher oxygen levels are consistent with infectious disease being kept under control, therefore not contributing to shorter life spans. The use of hyperbaric chambers to treat infectious diseases is consistent with this.

So the contrast in living conditions before and after the Flood is quite stark. Next we will examine the effects of those changes on the animals that left the ark (and plants), multiplied and filled the earth.

Until next time . . .

Dinosaurs In The Ark?

2010-09-09T10:47:00.000-07:00

By Joseph Kezele, M.D.

In the last issue we discussed fossils and the worldwide nature of Noah’s flood. Let’s turn to the Ark and the often-asked question: How could dinosaurs fit into the ark?

First, it is important to understand just how large and stable the ark was. In modern units of measurement, it was 450 feet long, which is one-and-a-half football field lengths from goal line to goal line.

The width of 75 feet is just under half the width of a football field. The height of 45 feet is equivalent to a modern four-story building. This ratio of 6:1 of length to width is the ideal ratio for maximum stability according to modern ship building engineers. After all, the purpose of the ark was to remain floating during a violent worldwide event with tsunamis and hypercanes — hurricanes 100 times the size of modern hurricanes. The need was for stability, not speed nor direction.

These dimensions yield a capacity of 522 railroad stock cars, each of which can hold 240 sheep, which is the calculated average size of all the animals on the ark including dinosaurs. So the total capacity would have been 125,280 animals.

Scripture records in Genesis Chapter 7 that the animals went into the ark by pairs according to their kind. This reinforces the Biblical concept of kind given to us in Genesis Chapter 1, with each kind multiplying according to its kind. Kind does not correspond to species or genus, but many times may correspond to family, such as the dog, cat, or bear families. It is estimated that the number of kinds before the flood was 8,000. Thus the number of animals on the ark would have been 16,000, which is only one eighth of capacity. This leaves more than enough space for food, water and many more people than the eight who chose to take refuge in the ark.

Regarding dinosaurs, even though some 688 species are listed, this number is greatly decreased when duplications of the same fossil uncovered in different countries and given different names are eliminated. The number of different dinosaur kinds is much closer to 30. A second factor to take into account is the size and age of dinosaurs. It is well known that most reptiles grow until they die. If this holds for dinosaurs as well, then it would make sense that God would have sent teenaged dinosaurs onto the ark, occupying less space and eating less food than their older and larger relatives.

When did the dinosaurs become extinct, if they survived the flood on the ark? There are three lines of evidence that strongly suggest that dinosaurs died recently.

The first is Scripture itself. Job Chapter 40 describes in detail Behemoth, an Apatosaurus (brontosaur) type dinosaur. Job Chapter 41 describes Leviathan, a marine fire-breathing dinosaur. Job is considered to be the first book of the Bible to be written, and references to significant cold climate may indicate the Ice Age after the Flood.

The second results from the many works of art, such as Mochi pottery in Peru, temple sculpture in Burma, Roman mosaics, American Indian rock and cave paintings and brass relief in a cathedral floor in England, all of which very accurately depict different dinosaur kinds. How could these peoples accomplish this without direct visual contact with the various dinosaur kinds?

The third and most concrete line of evidence is the unearthing of non-fossilized dinosaur soft tissue in multiple locations. Two examples are T-Rex intact red blood cells and stretchy flexible arteries from a thigh bone from Montana and non-fossilized Hadrosaur muscle tissue from Spain. It simply is not possible for these tissues to survive 65 million years or more. The death of those animals had to be only some hundreds or a very few thousand years ago.

I mentioned that God selected the animals. Noah did not go out and round them up. I am convinced that God selected animals that had the widest range of genes in their DNA, so that their offspring would be equipped to deal with the dramatically changed environmental conditions that developed after the flood. We will take up those changes in the next issue.

Fossilizing - Rapid Burial

2010-08-24T12:49:00.000-07:00

By Dr. Joseph Kezele

Let’s turn our attention to the fossil record found all over the earth. The four requirements for fossil formation are a soon to be dead plant or animal, catastrophic burial, mineral laden water and heat and pressure, but not much time.

We have been taught that fossils form as the result of dead animals or plants slowly being buried over many thousands of years and then compressed by the weight of overlying sediment. The problem with this is that a dead plant or animal does not wait to decompose or somehow ward off scavengers while it is being slowly covered. Burial must be very rapid, as in Noah’s Flood, which also provided the dissolved minerals necessary for petrification.

There is much evidence that confirms extremely rapid burial. Fossils of fish in the act of swallowing fish, an Ichthyosaur in the process of giving birth, even fossilized jellies (jellyfish), in spite of consisting of 98% water, as well as many fragile plant species, all testify to catastrophic burial. Clam fossils are virtually always found in the closed position. You may have noticed that clamshells on the beach wash up in the open position. An especially interesting type of fossil is the polystrate tree, buried in a vertical position, extending through many rocks layers that represent many thousands of years according to conventional geology.

The widespread distribution of fossils all around the world in stacks of rock layers thousands of feet thick is mute testimony to the extent of the catastrophe of Noah’s Flood. Even more impressive are fossil “graveyards”, where millions of fossils of many species that do not live in the same ecological zones are found with marine organisms, land creatures and bird fossils jammed together in dense tangles. These cannot be the product of local floods, as the evolutionary model would have us believe.

Other problems for the evolutionary model range from the existence of clam fossils at the peaks of all the world’s highest mountains to the lack of transitional fossils from one kind of organism to another. In spite of sensational headlines when, for example, claims of feathered dinosaurs are first made, careful examination by subsequent secular researchers results in a retraction of the initial claims, but with much less publicity.

Archaeopteryx, taught to us as the transition from bird to reptile, turns out to be a bird with teeth. Other examples of birds with teeth are also known. An additional problem is that Protoavis (first bird) has been found in layers lower than Archaeopteryx. Coelacanth was touted as a 375-million-year-old fossil that became extinct more than 65 million years ago. However, it was found in 1938, unchanged, and has been swimming ever since rather than walking on the ocean floor as evolutionists told us.

More recently, Tiktaalik, another fish fossil that was proclaimed the transition from swimming to walking fish, was found in northern Canada in 2006. Unfortunately, for the evolutionary scenario, the announcement in January of this year of finding quadruped (four-footed) fossil tracks in Poland in rock layers that are considered to be 18 million years older removes Tiktaalik from contention as an evolutionary ancestor in the supposed transition from swimming to walking creatures.

Most stunning are multiple unfossilized dinosaur soft tissue specimens in various locations. T Rex thigh bone in Montana with flexible stretchy blood vessels and intact red blood cells, announced in 1997, and Hadrosaur unfossilized muscle tissue found in Spain in 2009 confirm recent burial, only hundreds or a few thousand years ago. There is simply no way these specimens could have been preserved for 65 million years!

Therefore, the fossil record demonstrates billions of dead things buried in rock layers laid down by water all over the earth, just as a global flood would bring about. The lack of transitional fossils, conservation of form, seen by comparing fossils to modern organisms, fossilized man-made artifacts and fossil production in the laboratory in a few weeks all testify against evolution and for the creation account.

The paucity of human fossils confirms God’s success in wiping man off the earth, except for those on the ark. We will discuss Noah’s ark in the next issue.

For PowerPoint presentations go to www.AzOSA.org and click on RESOURCES.

Worldwide Catastrophe

2010-08-05T13:23:00.000-07:00

By Dr. Joseph Kezele

Noah’s Flood was an extremely violent worldwide catastrophe that totally remodeled the surface of the planet. It is so difficult for us to grasp the degree of geological upheaval caused by continental masses moving at speeds of 35 miles per hour, colliding and thrusting up mountain ranges such as the Himalayas and pushing up huge plateaus many thousands of feet. Earthquakes resulted in faulting and thousands of volcanoes erupted, laying down layers of ash and lava.

Add in factors due to water such erosion by the fountains of the great deep with huge numbers of cubic miles of rock ground up into sand, tsunamis, hypercanes (hurricanes 100 times the size of modern hurricanes), and massive sheet erosion, as land masses were thrust upward and water ran off. Continental basins overflowed their rims, cutting out canyons with accelerating erosion as water cut deeper and dumped more water even faster. Then you can begin to comprehend the degree of destruction and remodeling caused by the Flood.

With elevation of land masses and sinking of ocean basins, the flood waters, originating from the fountains of the deep and the opening of the windows of heaven (Genesis 7:11), collected and formed the current oceans. There are thousands of dormant submarine volcanic cones in today’s oceans. During and after the flood year they were liberating a lot of heat along with lava. That heat warmed up the oceans to a significant degree, leading to great amounts of evaporation of warm moisture into the atmosphere.

Meanwhile volcanoes on land were liberating great amounts of ash and lava. As we have seen this year with the Eyjafjallajokul‎ Volcano in Iceland, ash can remain suspended in air and block sunlight. Imagine hundreds of volcanoes doing this simultaneously, causing cooling of continents while the submarine volcanoes are still warming the oceans and continuing to cause the evaporation of great amounts of warm moisture into the atmosphere.

As winds blew the warm moist air over the cold land masses, rain fell at the warmer latitudes and snow at the colder latitudes. With time snow accumulated and packed to form ice masses in polar regions and on high mountains in other parts of the world. Nearer the equator a tropical climate developed with lush vegetation. Temperature differences and resultant air pressure differences set up prevailing wind patterns that blow moist air away from 30º north and 30º south of the equator. This is responsible for the desert belts we see at these latitudes.

These climate zones, combined with local variation due to mountains, valleys, seacoasts, lakes and plains, created a great variety of ecological habitats in the post-Flood world. This is in great distinction to the pre-Flood world, from clues we can gather from Scripture and the fossil and rock record:

The climate was uniformly comfortable with no clothing, subtropical, no polar arctic conditions or tropical hot zones – Genesis 2:25, 1:28;

No rain – Genesis 2:5b-6;

Pre-Flood oceans were much smaller – Genesis 7:11. Most of the water in the current oceans was still underground. Large oceans would generate weather systems;

Pre-Flood mountains most likely were low compared to today’s – Genesis 7:19, less water needed to cover them and high mountains would generate cold weather and rain;

Much higher atmospheric levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide – Layers of sandstone, limestone and other sedimentary rocks throughout the world, as well as deposits of natural gas, coal and oil, contain vast amounts of locked up oxygen and carbon;

The pre-Flood world living biomass was unimaginably greater then than now – the fossil record and fossil fuels attest to this;

Gigantism in the fossil record – 6 foot beavers, dragonflies with 3 foot wing spans, 30 foot tall ferns, and many other examples would necessitate higher oxygen levels;

Genealogies in Scripture – life spans of 800 and 900 years. Higher oxygen levels are consistent with infectious disease being kept under control, therefore not contributing to shorter life spans. The use of hyperbaric chambers to treat infectious diseases is consistent with this.

So the contrast in living conditions before and after the Flood is quite stark. Next we will examine the effects of those changes on the animals that left the ark (and plants), multiplied and filled the earth.